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    <h1 class="head-title">Ubuntu 使用笔记</h1>
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      <span class="post-info-item"><i class="iconfont iconcalendar"></i>January 12, 2016</span>
      
      <span class="post-info-item"><i class="iconfont iconfont-size"></i>3687</span>
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        <p>使用 Ubuntu 过程中遇到的问题及解决方案。</p>
<h2 id="使用-git-pull-遇到问题"><a href="#使用-git-pull-遇到问题" class="headerlink" title="使用 git pull 遇到问题"></a>使用 git pull 遇到问题</h2><p>提示</p>
<figure class="highlight livecodeserver"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs livecodeserver">Agent admitted failure <span class="hljs-built_in">to</span> sign <span class="hljs-keyword">using</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">the</span> key.<br>Permission denied (publickey).<br>fatal: Could <span class="hljs-keyword">not</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">read</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">from</span> remote repository.<br><br>Please make sure you have <span class="hljs-keyword">the</span> correct access rights<br><span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">the</span> repository exists.<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>解决方法：</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs sh">ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="图形界面编辑配置文件"><a href="#图形界面编辑配置文件" class="headerlink" title="图形界面编辑配置文件"></a>图形界面编辑配置文件</h2><p>安装 dconf-editor。</p>
<h2 id="配置-Exchange"><a href="#配置-Exchange" class="headerlink" title="配置 Exchange"></a>配置 Exchange</h2><p>为 ThunderBird 安装插件 ExQuilla，有时被墙。</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://mesquilla.net/exquilla-currentrelease-tb-linux.xpi">http://mesquilla.net/exquilla-currentrelease-tb-linux.xpi</a></p>
<h2 id="安装和配置-JDK"><a href="#安装和配置-JDK" class="headerlink" title="安装和配置 JDK"></a>安装和配置 JDK</h2><p>在 Terminal 运行：</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs sh">sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java<br>sudo apt-get update<br>sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer<br><br>sudo vim /etc/profile<br><br><span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle<br><span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> JRE_HOME=<span class="hljs-variable">$JAVA_HOME</span>/jre<br><span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> CLASSPATH=.:<span class="hljs-variable">$JAVA_HOME</span>/lib:<span class="hljs-variable">$JRE_HOME</span>/lib<br><span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> PATH=<span class="hljs-variable">$JAVA_HOME</span>/bin:<span class="hljs-variable">$JRE_HOME</span>/bin:<span class="hljs-variable">$PATH</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="配置-adt"><a href="#配置-adt" class="headerlink" title="配置 adt"></a>配置 adt</h2><p>安装兼容 32 位 adb 运行的环境</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs sh">sudo apt-get install lib32z1 lib32ncurses5 lib32bz2-1.0 lib32stdc++6<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>添加路径到 $PATH 环境变量，修改 /etc/profile 或 ~/.profile 等皆可。</p>
<figure class="highlight routeros"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs routeros"><span class="hljs-builtin-name">export</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">ANDROID_SDK_HOME</span>=/home/mzlogin/android/sdk<br><span class="hljs-builtin-name">export</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">PATH</span>=<span class="hljs-variable">$ANDROID_SDK_HOME</span>/platform-tools:$ANDROID_SDK_HOME/tools:$PATH<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="安装-SVN-图形前端-RabbitVCS"><a href="#安装-SVN-图形前端-RabbitVCS" class="headerlink" title="安装 SVN 图形前端 RabbitVCS"></a>安装 SVN 图形前端 RabbitVCS</h2><p>在 Terminal 运行：</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs sh">sudo add-apt-repository ppa:rabbitvcs/ppa<br>sudo apt-get update<br>sudo apt-get install rabbitvcs-nautilus3 rabbitvcs-thunar rabbitvcs-gedit rabbitvcs-cli<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="创建-eclipse-快捷方式"><a href="#创建-eclipse-快捷方式" class="headerlink" title="创建 eclipse 快捷方式"></a>创建 eclipse 快捷方式</h2><p>/usr/share/applications 里新建 Eclipse.desktop，填如下内容：</p>
<figure class="highlight ini"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs ini"><span class="hljs-section">[Desktop Entry]</span><br><span class="hljs-attr">Name</span>=Eclipse<br><span class="hljs-attr">Comment</span>=Launch Eclipse<br><span class="hljs-attr">Exec</span>=/home/mzlogin/android/eclipse/eclipse<br><span class="hljs-attr">Icon</span>=/home/mzlogin/android/eclipse/icon.xpm<br><span class="hljs-attr">StartupNotify</span>=<span class="hljs-literal">true</span><br><span class="hljs-attr">Terminal</span>=<span class="hljs-literal">false</span><br><span class="hljs-attr">Type</span>=Application<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="安装-XMind"><a href="#安装-XMind" class="headerlink" title="安装 XMind"></a>安装 XMind</h2><p>到 XMind 官网下载安装包，然后 ：</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs sh">sudo dpkg --ignore-depends=lame,libwebkitgtk-1.0-0 -i xmind-linux-3.5.0.201410310637_amd64.deb<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="切换输入法"><a href="#切换输入法" class="headerlink" title="切换输入法"></a>切换输入法</h2><p>添加一个英文，一个五笔，将切换到上一个源和下一个源的快捷键分别设为左和右 Shift，这样就可以使用左右 Shift 在中英之间来回切换了。</p>
<p>安装 im-switch 会导致语言支持被移除，恢复用 <code>sudo apt-get install language-selector-gnome</code>。</p>
<h2 id="消除启动-gVim-在-terminal-中的警告"><a href="#消除启动-gVim-在-terminal-中的警告" class="headerlink" title="消除启动 gVim 在 terminal 中的警告"></a>消除启动 gVim 在 terminal 中的警告</h2><p>安装 vim-gnome 后运行 gVim 会提示：</p>
<figure class="highlight pgsql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs pgsql">GLib-GObject-<span class="hljs-built_in">WARNING</span> **: Attempt <span class="hljs-keyword">to</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">add</span> property GnomeProgram::sm-<span class="hljs-keyword">connect</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">after</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> was initialised<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>改为安装 vim-gtk 就好了。</p>
<h2 id="解决-ibus-五笔候选词水平显示和个数的问题"><a href="#解决-ibus-五笔候选词水平显示和个数的问题" class="headerlink" title="解决 ibus 五笔候选词水平显示和个数的问题"></a>解决 ibus 五笔候选词水平显示和个数的问题</h2><p>修改 /usr/share/ibus-table/tables/wubi-jidian86.db 的 ime 表里的 orientation（水平 0 垂直 1）和 select_keys（有几个选择键就有几个项，从下面代码可知用 <code>,</code> 分隔）。</p>
<p>/usr/share/ibus-tables/engine/tabsqlitedb.py 中</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">get_page_size</span> (<span class="hljs-params">self</span>):</span><br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(self.get_select_keys().split(<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;,&#x27;</span>))<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="将-Caps-Lock-映射为-Ctrl"><a href="#将-Caps-Lock-映射为-Ctrl" class="headerlink" title="将 Caps Lock 映射为 Ctrl"></a>将 Caps Lock 映射为 Ctrl</h2><ol>
<li><p>安装 Gnome Tweak Tool</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs sh">sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>打开 tweak-tool，找到「打字」－「大写锁定键行为」，选择「将 CapsLock 作为额外的 Ctrl」</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>参考 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://askubuntu.com/questions/462021/how-do-i-turn-caps-lock-into-an-extra-control-key">http://askubuntu.com/questions/462021/how-do-i-turn-caps-lock-into-an-extra-control-key</a></p>
<h2 id="将个人文件夹下文件夹名改为英文"><a href="#将个人文件夹下文件夹名改为英文" class="headerlink" title="将个人文件夹下文件夹名改为英文"></a>将个人文件夹下文件夹名改为英文</h2><p>~ 目录下的「桌面」和「文档」等文件夹是中文，在 Terminal 下输入很不方便，将其改为英文的方法：</p>
<ol>
<li><p>打开 ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs，将其中的中文改掉：</p>
<figure class="highlight ini"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs ini"><span class="hljs-attr">XDG_DESKTOP_DIR</span>=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;$HOME/desktop&quot;</span><br><span class="hljs-attr">XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR</span>=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;$HOME/downloads&quot;</span><br><span class="hljs-attr">XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR</span>=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;$HOME/templates&quot;</span><br><span class="hljs-attr">XDG_PUBLICSHARE_DIR</span>=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;$HOME/public&quot;</span><br><span class="hljs-attr">XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR</span>=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;$HOME/documents&quot;</span><br><span class="hljs-attr">XDG_MUSIC_DIR</span>=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;$HOME/music&quot;</span><br><span class="hljs-attr">XDG_PICTURES_DIR</span>=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;$HOME/pictures&quot;</span><br><span class="hljs-attr">XDG_VIDEOS_DIR</span>=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;$HOME/videos&quot;</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>在文件管理器中将 HOME 目录下的中文文件夹名改成与上面的配置对应。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="输入「」与『』"><a href="#输入「」与『』" class="headerlink" title="输入「」与『』"></a>输入「」与『』</h2><p>极点五笔中文输入状态下，按 [] 即输入「」，按 {} 即输入『』。</p>
<h2 id="VirtualBox-里-Ubuntu-分辨率无法调整"><a href="#VirtualBox-里-Ubuntu-分辨率无法调整" class="headerlink" title="VirtualBox 里 Ubuntu 分辨率无法调整"></a>VirtualBox 里 Ubuntu 分辨率无法调整</h2><p>Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 在 VirtualBox 中刚安装完时，分辨率只有 640*480 一种选项，无法调整。</p>
<p>解决方法：</p>
<ol>
<li><p>打开 xdiagnose</p>
<p><img   class="lazyload" data-original="/xiwu_see/images/posts/linux/xdiagnose.png" src="" ></p>
</li>
<li><p>勾选 Debug 下的所有选项</p>
<p><img   class="lazyload" data-original="/xiwu_see/images/posts/linux/xdiagnose-2.png" src="" ></p>
</li>
<li><p>重启</p>
</li>
<li><p>安装增强功能</p>
<p><img   class="lazyload" data-original="/xiwu_see/images/posts/linux/install-additions.png" src="" ></p>
<p>然后：</p>
<figure class="highlight jboss-cli"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs jboss-cli"><span class="hljs-keyword">cd</span> <span class="hljs-string">/media/</span>&lt;username&gt;<span class="hljs-string">/VBOXADDITIONS_X.X.XX_XXXXX</span><br>sudo <span class="hljs-string">./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>（注意把 username 替换成自己的，VBOXADDITIONS 后面的 X 换成具体版本号）</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="与-Win7-共享-SSH-key"><a href="#与-Win7-共享-SSH-key" class="headerlink" title="与 Win7 共享 SSH key"></a>与 Win7 共享 SSH key</h2><p>如下步骤适用于在 Ubuntu 上使用从 Win7 拷贝的 SSH key，反之应该也一样能用。</p>
<p>创建 ~/.ssh 目录，确认其权限为 0700，将 Windows %userprofile%/.ssh 下的 id_rsa 和 id_rsa.pub 文件拷贝到 ~/.ssh 目录下，权限分别改为 0600 和 0644。</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs sh">mzlogin@ubuntu:~$ ll ~/.ssh<br>total 20<br>drwx------  2 mzlogin mzlogin 4096 Jun 22 01:03 ./<br>drwxr-xr-x 20 mzlogin mzlogin 4096 Jun 22 01:02 ../<br>-rw-------  1 mzlogin mzlogin 1679 Jun 21 05:17 id_rsa<br>-rw-r--r--  1 mzlogin mzlogin  399 Jun 21 05:17 id_rsa.pub<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>然后</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs sh">ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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